Modular columns to study depth-dependence behavior of mosquito larvae and toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

▶ Modular, transparent column system to study mosquito larval depth-dependence behavior. ▶ Simultaneous quantifying toxin sedimentation and diving of mosquito larvae. ▶ Larvicidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is affected by water depth. ▶ Mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae increases up to 60% at net-depths above 75 cm. ▶ Pesticide application must consider depth of the water body as well as surface area.