The Xanthomonas type IV pilus

- The role that type IV pili play in Xanthomonas pathogenesis varies from species to species.
- Xanthomonas T4P are regulated via unique molecular mechanisms that differ from those of other bacteria.
- Pilus extension and retraction is regulated by cyclic-di-GMP-binding regulatory protein complexes.
- These regulatory complexes interact with T4P-specific ATPases.