Unravelling fungal immunity through primary immune deficiencies

► Patients with primary immune deficiencies have contributed enormously to our understanding of immunological pathways mediating immunity to fungi. ► Defects in PID patients demonstrate that mutually exclusive pathways underlie immunity to different types of fungal pathogens and infections. ► Immunity to mucocutaneous infection is critically dependent on Th-17 responses while phagocytes confer protection against invasive disease.