Viruses exploiting peroxisomes

► Peroxisomes catalyze diverse metabolic reactions, many of which involve lipids. ► Medically important viruses exploit peroxisomes in ways that are not well understood. ► HIV's Nef and influenza's NS1 each bind to a peroxisomal enzyme of lipid metabolism. ► Other viral proteins enter peroxisomes or are targeted to its surface. ► Peroxisomes signal the presence of intracellular virus for an innate immune response.