Adenovirus-vectored type Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid proteins as a vehicle to display a conserved, neutralising epitope of type O FMDV

► The G-H loop of type Asia1 FMDV capsid can tolerate peptide insertion. ► Three sites of the VP1 were selected for insertion of a foreign epitope. ► The type O FMDV neutralising epitope was displayed on the type Asia1 capsid. ► The type O epitope induced anti-type O FMDV IgG and neutralising antibodies. ► The insertion does not interfere with the immunogenicity of the type Asia1 capsid.