Nanofibers in thin-film composite membrane support layers: Enabling expanded application of forward and pressure retarded osmosis

► Thin-film composite membranes for forward and pressure retarded osmosis were fabricated. ► Electrospun mats served as a base onto which a support layer was formed by phase separation. ► Thin-film composite membranes had high salt rejection and high water flux in forward osmosis. ► Membrane resistance to shear stress and hydraulic pressure was evaluated. ► Nanofibers enmeshed with microporous layer to enhance resistance to delamination.