Differential plasticity of microglial cells in the rostrocaudal neuraxis of the accessory olfactory bulb of female mice following mating and stud male exposure

► Mating and pheromone exposure increase microglia complexity in the AOB. ► Microglia are most abundant in external plexiform layer, site of reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. ► Rostral AOB microglia are more involved. ► Transformation of activated to resting microglia occurs in the caudal AOB. ► Microglia are involved in the formation of olfactory memory.