Effects of Ni2+ on aluminum hydroxide scale formation and transformation on a simulated drinking water distribution system

- Without Ni2+ addition, there was no XRD signal observed after 400 d of aging.
- In the system with Ni/Al = 1:100, the formation of bayerite occurred within 3 d.
- In the system with Ni/Al = 1:3, the XRD spectrum strength of bayerite became weak.
- In the system with Ni/Al > 1:1, Ni5Al4O11⋅18H2O was the major scale component.
- The adsorption of Al(OH)3 (am) for Ni2+ promoted the formation of Ni(OH)2 (c).