Use of microcapsules with electrostatically immobilized bacterial cells or enzyme extract to remove nonylphenol in wastewater sludge

► We investigated the removal of nonylphenol (NP) by alginate microcapsules. ► Microcapsules increased the NP removal percentage in sludge. ► NP removal was greater with extract-containing microcapsules than cell-containing microcapsules. ► The removal percentage of toxic chemicals were BPF > BPA > NP > OTC > CTC > TC > BDE-15 > TBBPA > BDE-209.