In vitro biotransformation of PBDEs by root crude enzyme extracts: Potential role of nitrate reductase (NaR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in their debromination

► PBDEs could be debrominated and hydroxylated by the root crude enzyme extracts. ► Debromination was the main degradation pathway. ► In vitro and in vivo exposure to PBDEs produced the similar enzyme responses. ► NaR and GST were the key enzymes in the plant degradation of PBDEs.