Trace elements in animal-based food from Shanghai markets and associated human daily intake and uptake estimation considering bioaccessibility

The concentrations of four human essential trace elements [iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr)] and non-essential elements [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg)] in eighteen animal-based foods including meat, fish, and shellfish collected from markets in Shanghai, China, were analyzed, and the associated human daily intake and uptake considering bioaccessibility were estimated. The mean concentration ranges for eight trace elements measured in the foods were 3.98-131 µg g−1 for Fe, 0.437-18.5 µg g−1 for Mn, 5.47-53.8 µg g−1 for Zn, none detected-0.101 µg g−1 for Cr, 2.88×10−4-2.48×10−2 µg g−1 for Cd, 1.18×10−3-0.747 µg g−1 for Pb, none detected-0.498 µg g−1 for As, and 8.98×10−4-6.52×10−2 µg g−1 for Hg. The highest mean concentrations of four human essential elements were all found in shellfish. For all the trace elements, the observed mean concentrations are mostly in agreement with the reported values around the world. The total daily intake of trace elements via ingestion of animal-based food via an average Shanghai resident was estimated as 7371 µg d−1 for the human essential elements and 13.0 µg d−1 for the human non-essential elements, but the uptake decreased to 4826 µg d−1 and 6.90 µg d−1, respectively, after trace element bioaccessibility was considered. Livestock and fish for human essential and non-essential elements, respectively, were the main contributor, no matter whether the bioaccessibility was considered or not. Risk estimations showed that the intake and uptake of a signal trace element for an average Shanghai resident via ingestion animal-based foods from Shanghai markets do not exceed the recommended dietary allowance values; consequently, a health risk situation is not indicated.