Associations of urinary metal levels with serum hormones, spermatozoa apoptosis and sperm DNA damage in a Chinese population

Environmental exposure to tin, nickel, zinc and molybdenum may be associated decreased total T or total T/LH ratio; manganese may induce spermatozoa apoptosis, while iron may be important for living spermatozoa. However, additional prospective research is needed to corroborate these findings in the general population.