Toxic effects of oral 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene in the Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)

► Oral LD50 (mg/kg) values were 1406 for male and 1867 for female lizards. ► Dose-dependent hepatocellular transdifferentiation was observed at ≥5 mg/kg-d. ► Chromaturia in 2A-DNT and the parent TNT suggest biomarkers of exposure and effect. ► Health effects of metabolites support comprehensive ecological risk assessments.