Analysis of organic contaminant desorption kinetic data for sediments and soils: Implications for the Tenax extraction time for the determination of bioavailable concentrations

Solid-phase extractions with adsorbents like Tenax have been widely used to assess bioaccessible or bioavailable concentrations and non-extractable residues (NER) of organic contaminants in soils or sediments. This paper presents an analysis of literature rate constants and fractions for rapid, slow and very slow contaminant desorption from soils and sediments. Contaminant fractions desorbed from sediment to Tenax in 6 or 24 h were evaluated as to their adequacy as a proxy for rapidly desorbing fractions, which have been shown to correlate with bioavailable concentrations. Desorption rate constants appear to decrease with increasing contaminant n-octanol-water partition coefficient. The ratio of the fraction of contaminant desorbed from sediment to Tenax in 6 h and the rapidly desorbing fraction appeared to slightly decrease on increasing contaminant hydrophobicity. This was not the case for the extraction for 24 h. Rapidly desorbing fractions or bioavailable fractions can be estimated, within a factor of 1.4, by multiplying the fraction desorbed in 24 h by a factor of 0.7.