کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6330523 | 1619783 | 2014 | 10 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Water quality laboratories in Colombia: A GIS-based study of urban and rural accessibility
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علوم محیط زیست
شیمی زیست محیطی
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چکیده انگلیسی
The objective of this study was to quantify sample transportation times associated with mandated microbiological monitoring of drinking-water in Colombia. World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality recommend that samples spend no more than 6Â h between collection and analysis in a laboratory. Census data were used to estimate the minimum number of operational and surveillance samples required from piped water supplies under national regulations. Drive-times were then computed from each supply system to the nearest accredited laboratory and translated into sample holding times based on likely daily monitoring patterns. Of 62,502 surveillance samples required annually, 5694 (9.1%) were found to be more than 6Â h from the nearest of 278 accredited laboratories. 612 samples (1.0%) were more than 24Â hours' drive from the nearest accredited laboratory, the maximum sample holding time recommended by the World Health Organization. An estimated 30% of required rural samples would have to be stored for more than 6Â h before reaching a laboratory. The analysis demonstrates the difficulty of undertaking microbiological monitoring in rural areas and small towns from a fixed laboratory network. Our GIS-based approach could be adapted to optimise monitoring strategies and support planning of testing and transportation infra-structure development. It could also be used to estimate sample transport and holding times in other countries.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Science of The Total Environment - Volumes 485â486, 1 July 2014, Pages 643-652
Journal: Science of The Total Environment - Volumes 485â486, 1 July 2014, Pages 643-652
نویسندگان
Jim Wright, Jing Liu, Robert Bain, Andrea Perez, Jonny Crocker, Jamie Bartram, Stephen Gundry,