Modeling vulnerability of groundwater to pollution under future scenarios of climate change and biofuels-related land use change: A case study in North Dakota, USA

► Groundwater vulnerability can be affected by both climate and land use change. ► A framework to model potential change in groundwater vulnerability was developed. ► The model was evaluated through a case study of North Dakota, USA. ► Expansion of biofuel crops was shown to increase risks of groundwater pollution.