Pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage in the mouse lung after exposure to PM samples from biomass heating appliances of old and modern technologies

► The highest particle concentrations were emitted from the old technology appliances. ► Almost all of the acute responses in mouse lungs caused by PM1 were at the low level. ► Pellet- and woodchip boiler emissions induced moderate inflammation in mouse lungs. ► Inflammatory activity was associated with ash related components of the emissions.