3-D mapping of a multi-layered Mediterranean forest using ALS data

► Robust approach for multi-layered forest characterization using ALS data. ► We adapt the mean shift algorithm to extract individual vegetation features. ► Applying the method directly to the 3-D point cloud improves the segmentation of forests. ► The segments are assigned to surface vegetation, understory or overstory. ► Validated on 44 plots of a heterogeneous forest mainly composed of eucalyptus and pine trees.