Influence of temperature and temperature shock on sludge properties, cake layer structure, and membrane fouling in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor

► Temperature and temperature shocks affect sludge properties. ► Temperature and temperature shocks affect membrane fouling resistance. ► Floc size of cake layer changes with respect to temperature and cake age. ► EPS in cake layer change with respect to temperature and cake age. ► Microbial community of cake layer varies in terms of temperature and cake age.