The Vegetation Adjusted NTL Urban Index: A new approach to reduce saturation and increase variation in nighttime luminosity

► We develop a spectral index to reduce DMSP/OLS NTL saturation in core urban areas. ► This index, VANUI, increases inter-urban variability in NTL values. ► VANUI is based on underlying biophysical and urban characteristics. ► VANUI is simple to calculate and intuitive to interpret. ► VANUI may be useful for studies on urban energy use and urban structure.