Socioeconomic factors and phthalate metabolite concentrations among United States women of reproductive age

► We analyzed urinary phthalate metabolite levels among US women 20 to 39 years age. ► We examined associations of socioeconomic factors with multiple phthalate esters. ► We noted considerable socioeconomic variation of phthalate ester metabolite levels. ► Associations varied widely among the phthalate esters. ► Future research should explore behavior and product use driving these associations.