Simulation of heat transfer of biological tissue during cryosurgery based on vascular trees

During the freezing process in cryosurgery, the blood flow and blood perfusion have great influence on the heat transfer of the biological tissue. The effect of blood vessels on the temperature distribution of biological tissue is studied in this paper. The blood vessels are assumed as vascular trees using fractal methods. The method is based on the calculation of the ‘fractal dimension’ of blood vessels, considering the parameters of blood vessels and blood flows. The biological tissue is assumed as porous media and a numerical model of phase change heat transfer in biological tissue is established. The temperature distribution in biological tissue considering the effect of blood flow is simulated. The effect of the geometry of the vascular tree on the phase change heat transfer in biological tissue during cryosurgery is also analyzed.