Perovskite LaxM1−xNi0.8Fe0.2O3 catalyst for steam reforming of toluene: Crucial role of alkaline earth metal at low steam condition

- Promotional effect of alkaline earth metal substituted perovskite Ni-Fe catalyst.
- Significant effect of steam amount on catalytic performance of LSNFO catalyst.
- Superior activity of LSNFO catalyst at low steam condition.
- Sr catalyst can adsorb more water and desorb water at higher temperature.
- Strongly adsorbed water on Sr plays an important role at low steam condition.