Preleached Pd-Pt-Ni and binary Pd-Pt electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

▶ Formation of a Pd-rich core and Pt-rich shell structure results in catalytic activity enhancement. ▶ Pre-leaching the catalyst in acid effectively enhances the overall performance and durability. ▶ The preleached catalyst shows an improved Pt-mass activity twice of that of commercial Pt.