Enhanced power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells with multifunctional photoanodes based on a three-dimensional TiO2 nanohelix array

An array of three-dimensional TiO2 nanohelixes infiltrated with TiO2 nanoparticles as a multifunctional photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells is presented. The unique geometry and the near-single crystallinity of TiO2 nanohelixes result simultaneously in strong light scattering and enhanced carrier transport, while maintaining a large surface area by the TiO2 nanoparticles.450