کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6535527 | 49301 | 2014 | 8 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Properties of electronic potential barriers at grain boundaries in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films
دانلود مقاله + سفارش ترجمه
دانلود مقاله ISI انگلیسی
رایگان برای ایرانیان
کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی شیمی
کاتالیزور
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
چکیده انگلیسی
The lack of an efficiency increase with increasing Ga content in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells has attracted much scientific interest. It has been claimed that the physical properties of grain boundaries are responsible for this curious effect. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of electronic potential barriers at grain boundaries (GBs) in a series of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) thin films using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements, extending our previous study [Baier et al., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 103 (2012) 86-92]. Here, (i) we show, by comparison with data of the crystal lattice orientations, that localization of GBs purely from KPFM topography data allows reliable localization of GBs. (ii) We consider the averaging effect of KPFM due to long-range electrostatic forces for the analysis of the electronic GB properties to determine the real potential barrier height for each individual GB; we determine potential variations ranging from â400 to +400Â mV. (iii) We consider the different physical origin of positive and negative potential barriers and present a quantitative analysis of the results to determine charge carrier concentration and defect densities at GBs. From our data and analysis we do not observe any systematic variation of these quantities with the Ga content.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells - Volume 130, November 2014, Pages 124-131
Journal: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells - Volume 130, November 2014, Pages 124-131
نویسندگان
Robert Baier, Caspar Leendertz, Daniel Abou-Ras, Martha Ch. Lux-Steiner, Sascha Sadewasser,