Overstory succession in a mixed Quercus petraea-Fagus sylvatica old growth forest revealed through the spatial pattern of competition and mortality

The succession from oak-dominated to beech-dominated stands has already reached an advanced stage in this old growth forest. The two species competitive interactions are mostly driven by their different shade tolerance and crown plasticity. Quercus-Fagus mixed stands like the Runcu-Grosi one should be preserved to maintain forest diversity and enhance forest resilience. Oak decline could be reduced by the occurrence of natural disturbances, together with active management that should be promoted to reduce beech competitive pressure.