Forest biomass patterns across northeast China are strongly shaped by forest height

► We explore methods to estimate above and belowground forest biomass from height. ► Forest biomass patterns in northeast China are largely determined by forest height. ► Canopy seasonality is a critical factor modulating biomass-height relationships. ► Stand biomass are well predicted by forest height, canopy seasonality and climate. ► Forest biomass cannot be estimated by methods based on average tree height.