Effects of timber harvest intensity on macronutrient cycling in oak-dominated stands on sandy soils of northwest Wisconsin

► N mineralization was significantly higher after harvest. ► Leaching loss of N & P was significantly lower after harvest. ► N, K, Ca and Mg balances were positive for all harvest intensities. ► Only P balance was potentially negative, thus indicating a nutrient depletion. ► Rates of P depletion were low and soil pools relatively large.