Forced convection in a parallel-plate channel occupied by a nanofluid or a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid

An analytical study is made of fully-developed laminar forced convection in a parallel-plate channel occupied by a nanofluid or by a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid, subject to uniform-flux boundary conditions. A model incorporating the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis is adopted. (Previous analytical studies using this model have been concerned with natural convection.) It is found that the combined effect of these two agencies is to reduce the Nusselt number.