Polyethyleneimine cryogels for metal ions sorption

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) cryogels have been fabricated using poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (DGE-PEG), 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (DGE-1,4-BD), and glutaric aldehyde (GA) as cross-linking agents. The rate of PEI cross-linking changes in the order GA > DGE-1,4-BD > DGE-PEG. The established correlations between the modification degree, swelling, and static ion-exchange capacity revealed a tendency of diglycidyl ethers, especially DGE-1,4-BD, to graft as a side chain to PEI in alkaline media. Low reactivity of cross-linkers at temperatures below zero resulted in lower modification degree and higher sorption capacities of PEI cryogels in comparison with PEI cross-linked at room temperature. Due to the difference in mechanisms of sorption of metal cations and anions, PEI cryogels cross-linked with DGE-1,4-BD and DGE-PEG were the most efficient for sorption of Hg(II) as [HgCl4]2− complex and Cu(II) ions, respectively. The morphology of PEI cryogels depends on the type of the cross-linking agent, cross-linker/PEI molar ratio, and concentration of PEI solution; the pore volume of cryogels obtained under the same conditions decreased in the order GA > DGE-1,4-BD > DGE-PEG.