An advanced lithium ion battery based on a high quality graphitic graphene anode and a Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 cathode

In this paper, a lithium-ion full battery based on a high quality graphitized graphene anode and a high capacity, high rate Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 cathode was reported. After carefully designing the cell and improving the initial Coulombic efficiency of the anode, electrochemical performances such as cycling life (500 stable cycles at 1C rate), rate capability(a capacity of 115 mAh g−1 at 10C) and energy density(about 180 Wh kg−1 at 1C rate and a moderate operating voltage) can be achieved, making the battery very promising for powering hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs) or electric vehicles (EVs).