Highly stable and flexible ITO-free electrochromic films with bi-functional stacked MoO3/Ag/MoO3 structures

Stacked MoO3/Ag/MoO3 (MAM) films, which can serve as both transparent electrodes and electrochromic materials, were utilized for constructing high-performance flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free electrochromic devices. Compared with the more common modif of MoO3 on ITO, a faster response time, greater optical contrast, higher coloration efficiency, and better electrochemical and mechanical durability were achieved with the use of MAM films.