Hydrorefining of oil from rapeseed cake pyrolysis over NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst

Hydrorefining of raw bio-oil at the temperature of 350 °C, 2.0 h− 1 and 3 MPa of H2 resulted in unsatisfactory level of refining. Removal of low boiling fraction and LHSV until the value of 0.5 h− 1 was reached allowed to deepen the degree of hydrorefining up to the levels of 71.4% of HDS, 29.0% of HDN and 78.8% of HDO. These hydrorefining products cannot be used as internal combustion engine liquid fuels or as their components. Blending of the bio-oil (20% v/v) with petroleum-derived oil fraction and subjecting it to a hydrorefining process made it possible to obtain a fuel component of relatively good quality.