Effects of free cyanide and cuprous cyanide on the flotation of gold and silver bearing pyrite

At gold and silver mineral processing plants, cyanide species are always present in the process water recycled to flotation circuits, despite the cyanide destruction process. The effect of cyanide, in particular, cuprous cyanide on gold and silver flotation has not been well understood. In the present study, free cyanide and cuprous cyanide species were isolated and their effects on the flotation of a pyritic ore were evaluated. It was found that free cyanide depressed gold and silver flotation through their carrier, pyrite. Cuprous cyanide mainly in the form of Cu(CN)32− depressed pyrite flotation similarly as free cyanide. Electrochemical studies including open circuit potential (OCP), cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were carried out to understand the underpinning depression mechanism of cyanide species on pyrite flotation using xanthate as collector. It was found that all surface electrochemical reactions were inhibited by either free cyanide or cuprous cyanide. The surface layer as a result of xanthate adsorption on pyrite was completely removed in the presence of these cyanide species, which was suggested to contribute to the hydrophilic pyrite surface.