The influence of bone surface availability in bone remodelling-A mathematical model including coupled geometrical and biomechanical regulations of bone cells

► A model for biochemical, biomechanical and geometrical regulations of bone cells. ► Osteoporosis is affected by ongoing changes in microscopic bone surface availability. ► Surface availability enhances bone loss in the cortex but attenuates it in trabeculae. ► Bone surface availability may accentuate 'trabecularisation' of bone in osteoporosis. ► Biomechanical regulation can stabilise disease progression over long time scales.