Selective removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil washing effluents using biochars produced at different pyrolytic temperatures

• Pyrolytic temperature influenced wheat straw-derived biochar properties.
• Biochars selectively removed PAHs from effluents and recovered Triton X-100.
• PAH removal and Triton X-100 loss increased with increasing pyrolytic temperature.
• Selective adsorption was PAH property dependent.

Wheat straw biochars produced at 400, 600 and 800 °C (BC400, BC600 and BC800) were used to selectively adsorb PAHs from soil washing effluents. For soil washing effluents contained Phenanthrene (PHE), Fluoranthene (FLU), Pyrene (PYR) and Triton X-100 (TX100), biochars at 2 (for BC800) or 6 g L−1 (for BC400 and BC600) can remove 71.8–98.6% of PAHs while recover more than 87% of TX100. PAH removals increase with increasing biochar dose. However, excess biochar is detrimental to the recovery of surfactant. For a specific biochar dose, PAH removal and TX100 loss increase with increasing pyrolytic temperature. For BC400 and BC600, PAH removal follows the order of PHE > FLU > PYR, while the order is reversed with PYR > FLU > PHE for BC800. Biochars have much higher sorption affinity for PAHs than for TX100. It is therefore suggested that biochar is a good alternative for selective adsorption of PAHs and recovery of TX100 in soil washing process.