Mechanistic investigation of decolorization and degradation of Reactive Red 120 by Bacillus lentus BI377

Bacillus lentus BI377, isolated from textile effluent-contaminated soil, was able to degrade 97% and 92% of Reactive Red 120 dye when 1200 and 1500 mg/l, respectively, of dye was added to nutrient broth (NB) at 35 °C within 12 h. UV–vis spectroscopy, GC–MS, FTIR and 1H NMR revealed the formation of catechol which may be further utilized by the bacterium via the TCA cycle, leading to complete mineralization. Structural analysis of metabolites in conjunction with enzyme activity studies confirmed the involvement of azoreductase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and other antioxidant enzymes. Decreases in total organic carbon and in biological and chemical oxygen demand suggest formation of low molecular weight metabolites that could be completely mineralized. These results suggest the potential use of B. lentus BI377 towards online treatment of textile dye effluents by using an appropriate bioreactor over a wide range of pH. This study opens-up a dependable and proficient way to use industrially viable non-pathogenic strains for biotransformation of carcinogenic dyes to ecofriendly compounds.