Professional challenges experienced by child and youth care workers in South Africa

The goal of the study was to explore professional challenges of child and youth care workers (CYCWs) in the South African context. The study was carried out within a qualitative approach which incorporated a collective case study design. Purposive sampling was used to include a sample of 93 participants representing child and youth care workers from government and non-government organisations based in rural, semi-urban and urban areas across the six provinces of South Africa. An interview schedule was designed by the researchers to collect qualitative data from 11 focus group interviews. With regard to data analysis, the researchers typically followed the following steps as suggested by Miles and Huberman (1994, p. 10): data reduction, data display and drawing and verifying conclusions. The most prominent challenges that the participants have cited are: dealing with client behaviours, lack of tangible and immediate results, poor stakeholder relations, lack of recognition, lack of clarity on the role and title of the CYCW, inconsistent job requirements, lack of professional growth and development opportunities and inadequate working conditions. The conclusion of this study was that CYCWs in South Africa experience a range of professional challenges. Given that the study was situated within an ecological systems theory, the impact of other systems such as poor stakeholder relations in working with individual children (microsystem), working within families (exosystems), working with communities (mesosystem) and working within the broader society (macrosystem) became evident. The researchers overall impression was that the majority of challenges raised emanated from the child and youth care field not yet being fully recognised as a profession at the time the study was conducted. The necessary recommendations to address these professional challenges were made.