Biodegradation of phenol using Corynebacterium sp. DJ1 aerobic granules

The single-culture Corynebacterium sp. DJ1 aerobic granules were cultivated and were utilized to degrade high-strength phenolic wastewater. These granules can degrade phenol at sufficient high rate without severe inhibitory effects up to phenol concentration of 2000 mg l−1. Furthermore, the kinetic characteristic noted for these granules yields a zero-order phenol degradation behavior with 500–1500 mg l−1 phenol, which facilitates reactor design and scale up. With added acetate to promote cell growth, this single-culture aerobic granular system yields the highest phenol degradation rate reported in granular literature.