Three-step biological process for the treatment of the liquid fraction of cattle manure

The liquid fraction of cattle manure was subjected to a biological treatment combining anoxic–anaerobic and oxic processes in order to stabilize the organic matter and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus so as to avoid problems of pollution when applying it to the land. The anoxic process was carried out at 30 °C in a CSTR reactor, the anaerobic process in a UASB reactor at 37 °C and the oxic treatment in another CSTR at 20 °C. The following results were obtained when working under optimum conditions (removal efficiencies in brackets): COD was reduced from 42 to 3.8 g/L (>90%); total solids from 41 to 14 (67%); total volatile solids from 22 to 7.0 (68%); total Kjeldahl nitrogen from 2.2 to 0.1 g/L (95%); NH4--N from 1.10 to 0.02 g/L (98%) and Total-Phosphorus from 0.696 to 0.058 g/L (92%). Nitrates, undetected in the liquid fraction of cattle manure, were present in the final effluent as a result of nitrification. To reduce the amount of nitrates, different recirculation rates were tested. The minimum nitrate concentration achieved was 127 mg/L using a recirculation ratio of 4.