Dye removal by surfactant encapsulated polyoxometalates

- A novel surfactant encapsulated polyoxometalate (SEP) was prepared.
- The as-prepared SEP was found to exhibit remarkable anionic dye removal activity.
- The SEP was successfully incorporated into the PVDF membrane matrix (SEP-M).
- The dye removal mechanisms of SEP and SEP-M were clarified.
- The SEP-M can be regenerated without loss of dye removal efficiency.