Characteristics of aerobic granulation at mesophilic temperatures in wastewater treatment

- Aerobic granulation was carried out at mesophilic temperatures (35 °C).
- Significant organic and ammonia were simultaneously removed.
- Diversified species could be developed through mesophilic aerobic granulation.
- The growth kinetics of heterotrophs and autotrophs were estimated.
- Biochemical and physical interactivities create a protective granule's shell.