Hydrothermal processing of duckweed: Effect of reaction conditions on product distribution and composition

► Duckweed can be readily converted into crude bio-oil, water soluble, gas and solid residue. ► T(°C) and K2CO3 were always the most influential to the relative amount of each component. ► The presence of K2CO3 is unfavorable for the production of bio-oil and gas. ► The bio-oil is enriched in C and H and has reduced levels of O. ► The gaseous products were mainly CO2 and H2, with lesser amounts of CH4 and CO.