Immobilization of Rhodococcus rhodochrous BX2 (an acetonitrile-degrading bacterium) with biofilm-forming bacteria for wastewater treatment

► A multiple-species biofilm was established. ► The multiple-species biofilm showed strong resistance to acetonitrile loading shock. ► The multiple-species biofilm displayed a typical spatial heterogeneity structure. ► The acetonitrile-degrading bacterium was immobilized in the multiple-species biofilm. ► The multiple-species biofilm improved acetonitrile-containing wastewater treatment.