Power generation from a hybrid biological fuel cell in seawater

- A true hybrid biological fuel cell was tested in laboratory and open environments.
- Robust anodic and cathodic bioelectrocatalysis was maintained in seawater tests.
- The hybrid fuel cell is distinct from marine sediment-based microbial fuel cells.
- The open design allows integration of alternative catalysts and electrode materials.
- System may be scaled and designed for environmental monitor and sensor applications.