Glycerine and levulinic acid: Renewable co-substrates for the fermentative synthesis of short-chain poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biopolymers

► Combined glycerine and levulinic acid result in short-chain (sc) PHA synthesis. ► Sc-PHA properties were dictated by substrate ratio and fermentation duration. ► Reduced PHA molar masses based on glycerine-based chain termination. ► PHA compositions ranged from poly-3-hydroxybutyrate to poly-3-hydroxyvalerate.