Cd-doped Sb2O4 nanostructures modified glassy carbon electrode for efficient detection of melamine by electrochemical approach

Cadmium doped antimony oxide (Cd-doped Sb2O4) nanostructures (CAO-NSs) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method in alkaline phase at low temperature to detect the melamine from aqueous solution. The calcined CAO-NSs were characterized systematically by FE-SEM, EDS, UV/Vis., FTIR spectroscopy, powder XRD, and XPS techniques. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with the CAO-NSs and sensing performance towards the selective melamine was explored by the electrochemical approach in phosphate buffer solution. The melamine undergoes a reduction reaction in the presence of CAO-NSs/GCE in PBS. The CAO-NSs/GCE attained the higher sensitivity (3.153 μA μM−1 cm−2) for a wide ranges of concentration (LDR: 0.05 nM-0.5 mM), an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD: 14.0 ± 0.05 p.M.; S/N = 3), long-term stability, excellent repeatability, and reproducibility. This method might represent an efficient way of sensitive sensor development for the toxic melamine and their derivatives for the safety of biomedical and health care fields in broad scales.