Preclinical development and ocular biodistribution of gemini-DNA nanoparticles after intravitreal and topical administration: Towards non-invasive glaucoma gene therapy

Non-viral trifunctional gemini surfactant-phospholipid nanoparticles carrying Cy5-labeled plasmid DNA demonstrated excellent thermodynamic stability in the vitreous and tear fluid and distinct trafficking behavior and biodisposition within the eye in vivo after intravitreal or topical application with respect to pathways of movement and physicochemical stability. After intravitreal injection in mice, localized within the nerve fiber layer of the retina, whereas after topical application, GL-NPs were located in several anterior chamber tissues, including the limbus, iris and conjunctiva.144