Migration, environmental hazards, and health outcomes in China

► Perceived environmental hazards are associated with county-level industrialization and economic development in China. ► Rural-to-urban migrants report more exposure to water pollution and a higher measure of overall environmental hazard. ► Perceived environmental hazards severely affect the physical and mental health of the respondents. ► The negative effects on physical health are more detrimental for rural-to-urban migrants than for urban residents.